2009中考英语备考复习指导之语法集锦

发布日期:2010年05月25日
从句之要素

  从语法结构的角度看,任何从句都有三个要素,即时态与主句要响应,关联词使用要恰当,主要结构不倒装。

  规则动词加Ed的读音

  清读[t],浊元[d]

  t、d后面读[id]

  一句话记名词所有格的构成分式和用法

  The children's teacher asked a friend of tom's to bring him some students' books on the first day of the month.

  一句话记清辅音浊化

  Some youths are walking along the paths to have baths in the houses with something in their mouths.

  加-ing要双写的常见动词

  一个m,两个d和g

  (swim) (nod,rid) (dig,beg)

  三n,四p,十个t

  (run,win,begin)

  (dip,drop,mop,stop)

  (sit,hit,fit,set,get,let,put,regret,forget,pat)

  五种基本句型歌

  英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。

  句型种类为动词,后接什么是关键;

  系词后面接表语;vi独身无牵连;

  vt又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见,

  还有宾语补足语;各种搭配记心间。

五种基本句型:

  1.主语+系动词+表语 2.主语+不及物动词

  3.主语+及物动词+宾语

  4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

  5.主语+及物动词+宾语1+宾语2

  对划线部分提问的程序

  一代(用疑问词代替划线部分),

  二移(把疑问词移至句首)

  三倒(颠倒主谓语,但对主语或其定语提问时除外)

  四抄(照抄其它部分)

  直接引语转换为间接引语时人称代词转换规律

  一从主 He said to Tom,"I can help them."

  He said to Tom that he could help them.

  二从宾 He said to her,"You can help them."

  He told her that she could help them.

  三不变 He said to Tom,"They can help them."

  He told Tom that they could help them.

  祈使句变为间接引语的规律

  一改 (主句谓语动词)

  二变 (呼语为间接宾语)

  三加 (to)

  四去 (please)

  不带to的不定式作宾补

  不定式,不带to,九个动词要记住,

  一听(hear)二看(see,watch)三感觉(feel,notice,observe),make,let和have;

  作宾补,是秃头;当主补时要带to.

before和ago巧记

  before带在点之前,ago总在段之后。

  before时态不确定,过去时中用ago。

  be在现在时中与人称的搭配

  我是am,你是are,is跟随着他,她,它。

  复数后面用什么,统统都是一个are。

  肯定句变疑问句口诀

  "是,情,助",移向前,

  主语其后把身安,

  一般,现在,与过去,

  do,does,did添在前,再改谓语为原形。

  最后要把问号点。

  be made of 和be made from 巧记

  物质不变用of,物质变化from,如果物质不明白,可问君自何处来?

  要求跟随动名词的动词

  (1)"megafeps"(霉咖啡不吃),mind,miss,enjoy,give up,admit,avoid,finish,escape,practise.

  (2)"makes (a) fit speach"mind,Avoid,keep,Enjoy,Suggest/Finish,Imagine,Think about,Spend,Practise,Excuse,escape,Can't help

  要求跟不定式的动词

  "要想干,同意办,愿意不愿意,决定尽量干。"

  A要求,想要,希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)

  B同意(agree,promise)

  C意愿(care,hate,refuse)

  D决定,企图(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage)

  要求跟不定式作宾补的动词

  (1)劝教命请叫(advise,teach,order,command,ask,tell)

  (2)允许又警告(allow,permit,warn)

 (3)使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)

  (4)知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)<省却to>

  既跟动名词也跟不定式的动词

  begin,start,continue,forget,remember,regret,intend,like,love,hate,try,mean.

  用不定式和动名词造成的意义上的差别归为五点:

  不定式 动名词

  A)某一具体行动 指一般的、经常的情况

  B)表示主语和宾语的动作 可能表示任何人的动作

  C)主动 被动

  D)未发生的事 已发生的事

  E)短暂的或可能进行的事 延续的或重复发生的事

  She hated to talk about people's shortcomings.

  She hate talking about people's shortcomings.

  She wants to repair the desk.

  The desk wants repairing.

  常见的要求跟动名词作宾语,跟不定式作宾语的动词

  advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit.连接首字母即为A Fu's Cap(阿福的帽子)

  阿福的帽子,代表七动词,宾补不定式,宾语动名词

  Ex.-What is it that they permit?

  -Some old magazines.

  A.taking away B.being taken away

  C.to take away D.to be taken away

  常见不规则动词三种形式变化归类

  1.come came come become became become

  2.steal stole stolen    speak spoke spoken    break broke broken

  3.drive drove driven    write wrote written     give gave given

  4.swim swan swum    spring sprang sprung    run ran run begin began begun    drink drank drunk

  5.blow blew blown    grow grew grown    know knew known

  throw threw thrown& show showed shown     draw drew drawn

  6.bring brought bought    fight fought fought     think thought thought buy bought bought

  7.catch caught caught

  8.keep kept kept    sweep swept swept    leave left left feel felt felt

  9.tear tore torn    wear wore worn     pay paid paid    say said said

  10.build built built    send sent sent     lend leant leant dig dug dug     win won won     sell sold sold tell told told    sit sat sat    hear heard heard make made made    lose lost lost    stand stood stood find found found    get got got    hold held held feed fed fed    meet met met    lead led led

  11.beat beat beaten    do did done    see saw seen take took taken

  12.shut shut shut   cost cost cost   hit hit hit